Warsaw Diary

I’ve got a camera now, and I could start to do my program. I would like to find someone who could be part of it and help around, it’s not gonna be a lot of fun if I just do it all by myself. We are meeting with the minister of foreign affairs, Adam Daniel Rotfled. he is apparently a super clever guy. He is widely respected by Sejm, the government and the public. Foreign ministers have become extremely important and it’s one of the strongest positions in the government since the beginning of 90s.
In the volatile period of 1989 -1993 there was a lot of struggle in side the government and state to push their agendas and priorities and they were stepping on each other toes regularly, but one thing lech walesa, Hanna suchacka (as head of government) and sejm agreed upon was to have a strong foreign minister who is dealing with international policies. I’ll try to film the meeting/ceremony; not exactly sure how long it’s gonna last and what we’ll discuss, but I guess he wanna make sure that we don’t party too much as his ministry is paying for us ;-) just back from partying with guys who’ll leave for Poznan, Krakow and wroslow and it’s 0505 in the morning

Went to the theater today to watch a famous polish play called z’ezdenia ‘the slaughterhouse’ by amirslov xx. It was about an artist (musician) who was at the same time a butcher; it’s about his struggle to find his place in the world among art, love, family and intellect. It’s a post modernistic play with weirdly linked scenes and an unexpected ending. At the end the guy committed suicides as he thinks it’s some kind of achievement not many people gets to do ….. I know …it’s bizarre …
it’s different than common plays now days with the very American influence of happy ending. shit happens but at the end every thing is zaebicz It’s getting too much… I don’t like it much anymore.
I like amirslov, he has got his own style. I’ve been looking in museums for one of his famous paintings, but no joy yet. It’s the simple portrait of a man with single lines forming his body, hands and legs. Several circles one inside another is shaping his head; and it says at the bottom “Why didn’t De Vinci paint me?”

warsaw diary

Tima (sorry if I have misspelled your name) just walked to me very happily in the library and whispered
- wylbory
- what
- afghanchikam wylbory
- the election?
- Tak
- Yes, polling is today.

Not everyone in Poland knows that election is happening in Afghanistan. But a lot of people knew about it today. So, the election is happening, I think it’s a political process not a change. It’s not gonna change anything; it’s a step toward a stable Afghanistan. There is gonna be a lot of problems (I’d rather call them issues) after the election when the national assembly start working. I think the SNTV sets up a bad precedent the way parliament will function. It’s gonna be drastically fragmented and hard to get any legislation out of it. There is gonna be no parties and it’ll be very difficult for civil society to lobby the parliament. not many parliamentarian will be educated, even not at least high school degrees. The parliamentarian will come from rural Afghanistan and they are commonly illiterate. They will be super dependent on professional staff and deputies; and the same thing which happened in Poland between 89-93 will be repeated in Afghanistan …. (visit congress library for info)
This is the best case scenario.
The worst would be if there are bad intentions, and that would be when warlords, extremists, westernists, mullahs, karzaists and etc start fighting each other.

Warsaw diary

Poles are quite open and getting opener comparing with a few decades ago and other Slovak nations. My polish mates interact with me the same as they do with the poles, but I’ve noticed some other Slovaks do not interact with others the same as they do with their countrymen, even with foreigners they know well. Poles are being as funny with me as they are with other poles, and I consider this openness.
Obviously, this is a generalisation and it’s an impression, NOT an opinion.

Warsaw Diary

Life has been quite interesting over the weekend as I get to hang out with the people. I have been wondering around Warsaw in the last thirty five hours; went to the mall, museums, pubs, restaurants, libraries… weekend is quite lively here as oppose to workly which is the other five days of the week.
It was great as I saw Poles life and it’s great to have a life ;-) it’s great because it’s pure life separate from other things. Things are important but they are part of life not the whole life and it’s great to have the ability to separate things from life for a couple of days.
A lot was happening in the old town and centruim, people were getting married, there were several matches and concerts. There was a running match so the road was closed to traffic. The athletes were running for fun and the pedestrians were running for life. The Pop concert sounded quite interesting, I wanted to watch or photograph or dance; but my friend Nathia can’t stand heavy pop music, so I skipped it.

One of the most interesting things for me in Poland is I get to know people from zero and I achieved quite well over the weekend.
I think there are people who are genuinely nice and they are friendly to anyone. Genuine nice people or ‘humanists’ like people as they are and don’t have much exceptions; often they don’t like those who doesn’t like people.

Some people like those who are like them and share the same things and values, they are naturally part of the same social group and didn’t have much choice in choosing to be part of where. This is an easy way to be part of a community (and being part of a community is what everyone needs). ‘communitist’ find each other and it doesn’t take them very long to understand each other, because they all know what each other expects and they behave accordingly.

Others connect on the basis of their common values/ interests/statue. You could have a very good situation in a certain place or certain job but you might disconnect as your statue or interest change. My favourite one is friends with a common language, people who has different backgrounds but are in a place which they don’t speak the language of the country but they speak common language.

An Afghan Diary in Warsaw

My only and biggest problem is meeting people and making friends. People are reluctant to spend time with others unless they know them or feel familiar with them.
I’ve made some friends but they are not yet ready to spend time with me. Whenever I ask them if they want to hang out. They say ‘let me see’ ‘I’ll let you know when is best for me’ ‘I’ll call you’…
I’ve realised people in my circle (Polish academic circle) are not that open to new people and for one reason or another they need more time to mix up with others.

What I definitely don’t like is colonies or clubs, i.e. Georgian club, Belarusian club… Some of the students have started to form their own clubs and it’s not good. They’ll live and interact with certain walks of mind which isn’t different from their past experience, so it won’t be very educational and fun. Perhaps, clubs are an obstacle for free and cross cultural integration of people.

An Afghan Diary in Warsaw

First Week:

It’s Monday September 5th 2005; I arrived into Warsaw airport around noon. I was in the plane or transit on a bench in the last fifteen hours. I’ve already noticed a lot of changes in the way people interact and execute things. I flew from Kabul to dubai, dubai to Istanbul and Istanbul to Warsaw. Most contrasting changes I’ve noticed in the last 15 hours – which I would have normally slept – in these four airports includes, convenience, services are more designed to facilitate things as oppose to the traditional way of my part of the world complicating things. there are restaurants and lounges to relax, proper toilets, people actually wait in the queue which is a great convenience.
In Kabul airport a friend who is a cop at the airport helped me skip the lines and don’t wait at all and go straight to the lounge.
Especial attention has been paid for handicaps. Stairways, WCs and other public facilities are handicap friendly, while this is not common in Afghanistan with around three million handicaps.
There is less and less people in each of the planes I get into; when flying from Istanbul to Warsaw I was the only person in the row. Apparently, having some seats empty is for some flight safety reason.

The other difference is in cops and security personnel aggressiveness; they are more relaxed as you come toward Europe. They probably do the same job, but they treat people with more respect. They ask for a document when its needed and different people ask for the papers they are supposed to see; not exactly like Afghanistan where a cop needs to see everything and so does the flight attendant and so does….

Also women are losing some cloths and they are getting increasingly naked (if I may use that term). It’s hard to stop steering at parts of their body when / if talking to them ;-)))
They also seem more independent and relaxed. They do things more comfortably, for example they’ll run if they are to catch a flight in the last minutes, which they wouldn’t normally do in conservative Muslim countries.

******
- Djien’ dobry
- Djien’ dobry
- … …
- How long are you intended to stay in Poland?
- Ye’den Rok
- Woo lalaaaaa …. You wait here…

So of course like everywhere else I got a little special treatment and hospitality. Around 200 passengers got checked in whom I was before and then they let me go in.
As I was going from security to security I felt a different kind of sense of humour(but can’t still call it Pole, because I don’t know them that well) the cops go excited by things which weren’t that exciting for me and their excitement was very perceptible. It was also very invariable and steady. One of the cops was saying “woo lalaaaaaa” every time he got excited. But it was the same ‘woo lalaaaaa’ to different exciting things. It was like he has to be / get excited. It was definitely making him feel different, most likely in a good way. For a moment I thought we all need to get happy and excited it’s not for fun sake, it’s a need; people do it in different ways.
******
It was Victor’s birthday yesterday. We were having drinks on the roof of the hostel. There were Poles, Ukrainians and Belarusians. They were all speaking in their languages, but they understand each other. At one point Ivan was struck by this and he shouted out ‘guys, have you realised we all speak in different languages but we understand each other’ and everybody laughed.
Makar said after a few minutes ‘there are only a few chromosome differences between mankind and monkey and it isn’t much. We are all human. We should understand each other’

The major difference during the last week was not about people; I don’t think cultural shock is connected to people. Although people speak different languages and has diverse values, but they are not that different. On the other hand things and ‘life tools’ could be very different. It’s the place one need to adjust to not the people. I am now eating different food, using different kind of transportation and I have to do chores such as laundry. This is all a change.

Went on a nice excursion on Friday, a nice place, around 60km west of Warsaw. It was organised by the university. Everyone was invited, only if they were singing a song. I had to sing and surprisingly contrary to what everyone else think the party thought I was a good singer and I was invited to sing again. We performed a folkloric polish dance. it was interesting and challenging.
Parties are a good place to know everyone on their personal counts; Crazy dancers, sociables, depressed, seclusionist…. We have all of them in our group. Among all I liked a seventeenth century song called ‘Sokole’ and you could listen to it here www.muzyka.pl it’s about a soldier going to war and his lover praying for his save return….

Something just crossed my mind about sharing my Warsaw experience with others.
I probably could do a five minute weekly TV program. “An afghan diary in Warsaw”. I’ll suss out if it could be aired in Tolo or Ariana or RTVA.

Profile:
- life in Warsaw and more generally in Poland
- my life, what I do, my friends, my colleagues – maybe one friend guest every week.
- Polish prospective and knowledge of Afghanistan and its issues. Different people, ages, gender, professions… Universytet Warszawski professors to a McDonald’s waitress…
How to do it:
- the possibility of doing it in corporation with a TV channel in Warsaw. If the channel could help to provide a camera and a cameraperson, in return they could also broadcast it.
- Ask the embassy for assistance, if they could buy a camera? UNESCO?

در جست وجوى ملاعمر

كابوس چهره هاى بى شمار دارد. گاه پياده مى آيد و گاه سوار بر موتورسيكلت. در تاريكى مى آيد و لباس سياه مى پوشد و در دل تاريكى مى رود و قبل از آنكه ديده شود، ناپديد مى شود. تنها در سال ۲۰۰۴ دوصد انسان را محكوم به مرگ كرد، رقمى كه از نظر دشمن پيروز او تا حدى زياد به نظر مى آيد. اين كابوس همچون يك بيمارى سمج همواره به افغانستان مى آيد و تن رنجور اين بيمار را ضعيف مى كند و به همين خاطر سراسر اين منطقه كه تقريباً نصف آلمان وسعت دارد، هنوز منطقه خطر به شمار مى آيد.طالبان هفت سال تمام چرخ تاريخ در افغانستان را به عقب بردند. دختران را از درس و مدرسه محروم و ميراث فرهنگى را تخريب و در عوض فردى چون بن لادن را مهمان محترم و ويژه شمردند و بالاخره پس از واقعه ۱۱ سپتامبر بود كه ايالات متحده آمريكا اين كابوس ساخته و پرداخته خود را از اريكه قدرت به زير انداخت. از آن زمان به بعد طالبان ديگر از تيتر اول رسانه هاى جهانى هم پايين آمده و جايى در كوه هاى پاكستان مأوا گرفتند و از همان جا و هر روز به خاك افغانستان حمله و گريزى مى زنند. اخبار و اطلاعات كمى در مورد اين منطقه در دست است. دولت پاكستان هم اين منطقه را براى روزنامه نگاران غربى به عنوان منطقه ممنوع اعلام كرده است. در سال ۲۰۰۳ دو گزارشگر فرانسوى به خاطر اينكه مى خواستند از يكى از اردوگاه هاى آموزشى طالبان ديدن كنند، به زندان افتادند و ديگرانى هم كه قصد ورود به اين منطقه را داشته اند، از پاكستان اخراج شده اند. اما اين به اصطلاح طلبه هاى جنگجو در حال حاضر تا چه حد قدرت دارند؟ چه چيزى هنوز در آنان انگيزه جنگ و مبارزه را ايجاد مى كند؟ رهبر يك چشم آنها «ملاعمر» كجاست؟ آيا هنوز هم با يار گرمابه و گلستانش يعنى «اسامه بن لادن» رابطه اى دارد؟

رشته كوه افغانستان در واقع مانعى طبيعى ميان آسياى مركزى و زمين هاى هندوستان است، منطقه اى كه متجاوزانى از اسكندر و چنگيز گرفته تا اتحاد شوروى سابق زمانى در آن به دشمنان خود چنگ و دندان نشان داده اند. خشك و خشن تر از اين سرزمين ساكنان آن يعنى پشتون ها هستند، قومى با ۲۵ ميليون جمعيت كه در دوسوى اين مرز زندگى مى كنند. پشتون ها به اصطلاح حكومت ناپذيرترين مردم دنيا محسوب مى شوند و تا به حال هيچ كس نتوانسته بر آنها غلبه كند. زمانى بريتانيايى ها سعى كردند تا با تز «تفرقه بينداز و حكومت كن» بر اين قوم غلبه كنند و بدين ترتيب در سال ۱۸۹۳ خطى مرزى ميان ايالت «پشتونستان» كشيدند. اما «پشتون ها» كه خود از چندين ايل و طايفه مختلف تشكيل شده اند، هرگز اين خط مرزى دروغين و ساخته و پرداخته بريتانيا را نپذيرفتند و همواره به اين سو و آن سوى مرز يعنى ميان افغانستان و پاكستان در رفت و آمد هستند

هنگامی که دوره های مختلف فکری را نگاه می کنيم، می بينيم که چقدر مهم اند از لحاظ شکل دادن به ايده ها و مفاهيم. مثلاً دوران اخیر که مفهوم تجدد پيدا شد ) دهه هفتاد میلادی). تجدد يعنی اينکه ما بايد نو شويم، و مدل اين نو شدن هم اتحاد جماهیر شوروی سوسیالیستی بود. ما می‌بايست از لحاظ صنعت و تکنولوژی، از لحاظ نهاد های اجتماعی، سياسی، علمی و بسياری چيزهای ديگرنو شويم.
معنی نو شدن اين بود که ما برای آنکه "آدم" بشويم بايد شبيه شوروی ها شويم. این نظریه جنبش ناسيوناليستی و چپی بود که عبارت از احزاب خلق و پرچم بود. نظر به آن بود که دنيای امپرياليسم و کلونياليسم که مسئول همه بدبختی ها و بيچارگی های ماست و اسلام و بنیادگرایی دینی همدست با امپریالیسم خون ملت ها را میمکد، اتحاد جماهير شوروی و سوسياليسم، به عنوان راه نجات همه ملت های عقب مانده و بدبخت و کشورهای جهان سومی مجسم میگردد.
در دوران کودتای 7 ثور آمريکا و غرب به عنوان مظهر امپرياليسم سخت منفور روشنفکران می‌شوند. در این دوران است که جنبش های ميانه، قطب مخالف این جریان به افراطی گری کشيده می شوند و همینجاست که جنبش های مذهبی راديکال پيدا می شوند. رادیکالیزم مذهبی و روشنفکری میانه لزومأ با قطب مخالف ایدولوژیک که امریکا و غرب میباشد هم اهنگ و همنظر نبودند. اما در آن زمان متحدین مهم بود؛ و این دو دست با هم کردند تا سوسیالیزم و مدرنیته نوع جهان سوم را از بین ببرن.
بعد از فروپاشی سوسیالیزم افراطی گرایی دینی بجان غرب افتاد و غرب را گناهکار و مسوول بدبختی های خویش میشمردند و این زمانی است که دهشت افگنی فرا مدرنی پرورش میابد.
بعد از 9 سپتمبر بخشی از روشنفکری و مذهب گرایی نزدیک به غرب و امریکا می شود و بازگشت به خود و اصالت بومی و به اين ترتيب می خواهد که آسيب شناسی فرهنگی - تاريخی ما را توضيح بدهد. و غرب هم از این روش حمایت مینماید. امروز افغانستان دو مرتبه برگشته است به طرف مفهوم مدرنيته. يعنی تمامی آن زبان راديکال ضد غرب و ضد غرب زدگی و ضد امپرياليستی جای خودش را داده به مسائل جامعه سنتی و جامعه مدرن. اينکه تقصير از بيرون نيست و، خلاصه، "کرم از خود درخت است" و "از ماست که بر ماست" و از اين جور چيزها. چون جو تاريخی عوض شده، دستگاه مفهومی هم عوض می شود. به هر حال، ما اهسته اهسته آموخته ايم که مشکلات خودمان را در خودمان ببينيم. يک نوع "رفلکسيون" يا انديشه بازتابشی در ما پيدا شده که می تواند برگردد و به خودش نگاه کند. پيش از اين ما هيچ وقت به خودمان برای يافتن عيب‌مان نگاه نمی کرديم و هميشه دنبال گناهکار و مقصر در بيرون می گشتيم.
حرکت اجتماعی، سیاسی و فرهنگی در افغانستان در سه و نیم سال اخیر يکباره زيگ‌ زاگ غريبی خورد و تصوری که ما (خصوصأ ورشنفکران ما) از مسایل اجتماعی داشت، ناگهان جهت خود را عوض کرد و به جهتی رفت که هيچ کس انتظارش را نداشت. امروزه با آمدن نوع آمريکايی جهانگيری تکنولوژی، پراگماتيسم و گريز از انتلکتواليسم بر جهان حاکم شده است. در نتيجه، بخش عمده روشنفکران می روند در بدنه بوروکراسی ها و تکنوکراسی‌ها جذب می‌شوند و کاری را که به آنها تکليف می شود انجام می دهند. ديگر نه آن نوع قدرت رهبری اجتماعی و نفوذ اجتماعی – سياسی را دارند نه سودای تغيير انقلابی جهان را. يعنی، مقام عقل کل را دست داده اند.
عمده ترین دلیل آن خل جنگسالاران از قدرت سیاسی است، اما با راندن جنگسالاران از قدرت سیاسی حادثه دیفوژن رخ میدهد ایشان جای روشنفکران را در اجتماع اشغال مینمایند و کاری را که روشنفکران باید کنند که رهبری فرهنگی و سیاسی است بدست جنگ سالاران قرار میگیرد.
در جامعه افغانی از طيف راست سنتی خيلی محافظه کار مذهبی تا طيفی که خودش را روشنفکری دينی می داند، همه در ايمان دينی يا به جای آوردن آداب شرعی مشترک اند، اما حتی در همان حوزه مسائل ايمانی هم اختلافات فراوان هم دارند. خيلی از روشنفکران دينی به ديدگاه‌های تازه‌ای از طرح مسائل در باب رابطه دين و دولت و جامعه رسيده اند که با ديدگاه روشنفکران لائيک فرق اساسی ندارد. آنها هم به آزادی، به دمکراسی، به پارلمانتاريسم، به عقلانيت و انديشه انتقادی رسيده اند. اينها از ديد محافظه کاران سنتی از حوزه دين خارج شده اند. ولی اينها خودشان را دينی می دانند و مهم اين است که خودشان، خودشان را چه گونه تعريف می کنند، يعنی خودآگاهی‌شان و کردارشان چه گونه است. ما نمی توانيم تعريف خودمان را به آنها بدهيم.

The Walk

Agathe, John, Mani and I started our Yakawlang – Chikh Chiran expedition/walk today. “the estimated flight time is 25min… we are gonna be a little bumpy, but nothing to worry about and don’t panic until we start panicing” said the pilot who was flying us from Kabul to Bamayan. “how do we know when you are panicing?” asked Mani.

As we took off john and I were singing “
بـــعد از خدایگانه خدای دلم توئــــــــــی
ائیــــــــنه تمــــــــام نمایی دلم توئــــــــی
بعد از خدا که زنده گی ما بدست اوســت
سوگند میخورم که یگانه خدای دلم توئـی
ای چنگ غم به همراهی اشک و آه مــن
سازی بزن که نغمه سرای دلم تـــــــوئی

Agathe and I were watching the pilots closely to see when they start panicing. We were cracking jokes about how would we take over the plane when the pilots panic.

We went to the station from the air strip. Ali was great – hospitable, nice – as usual.
Bamayan is colder than Kabul, even during the day. Some of us had to put on jackets.

We talked about all sorts of things with Ali. I found out the expression. “به هر صورت خوب بود یا بد بود" “ it might have been good or bad, but anyhow” means it was crap.

When we asked ali, how was the distance learning program or how is the solar system? Or other things we weren’t sure about and wanted his feedback. He said “it might have been good or bad, but anyhow” which means it was crap.

We went to see the chief of police, General Wahadat, we wanted to get a weapon from him, and the idea was to use it if we confront wolves.
On the tiny screen of a video camera he was watching some music.
He was helpful, but as everyone else he was shocked and not convinced that we were gonna do the walk.

We set off for Yakawlang around 1200 with Ali. He is so nice that he didn’t bargain for a better fare, but the price was not outrageous. I realized once you are so cool, others (majority) would also be cool to you.
Ali told me on the way “its unusual to start a trip at 1200 without having lunch, but you guys are unusual so it’s fine”

We stopped by the Buddahs and with a small bribe to police, a police took us to the top. On the way down two kids showed up and were trying to take some money out of Mani. They started coughing and prtended to be sick; Mani asked the litter girl if she smiles so he takes a picture, he’ll give her some money.
On the way everyone was telling all sorts of stories. Ali was talking about a girl who has finished school in Iran and now has returned to home in a village of 15 houses in the middle of nowhere and at least two hour away from Bamayan. She once came to the station and wanted to work and sleep there, she is bored in the village.
Yakawlang is absolutely beautiful with waterfalls and amazing color of mountains and interestingly the mountains change color in different times of day as sun light angle changes. A lot of water in the beautiful valley, the water is quite fast and the driver said there are also some fish in it, he said animals can’t cross the river.

We stayed in UNhabitat meeting room, we moved some chairs and tables and made some room to sleep there are charts and leaflets on the wall which looks like typical consultant work and I don’t think the gus here understand it. the crazy precision of figures and time make it impossible to be any practical document.
Ali didn’t want to stay with us. John and maybe gat assumed he is thinking of his reputation and don’t want to be in a room with a foreign woman. But it’s hard to tell with him if he was being polite or if he was concerned.

The guys in UN are mostly from Logar and with extensive experience of hazarajat, were wondering if they were here under Taliban or not and how would they see the perception of Pashtoons has changed since then.
I am getting sleepy, that’s it for today.

more stuff coming...

10 years old children attend classes under scorching sun in Sharana of Paktika province. A total of 78 students including two girls are enrolled in Hisababa School. The students come from tormikhai and hisa baba villages whose school was burnt down by insurgents a month ago. Abdul Ghafoor the teacher said “the reason we have picked this location is, it is the central location for both villages and it’s close to a security checkpoint”

This year the number of students returning to school in paktika has substantially increased, but it’s still surprising to see children in the open air, with no chair or mattress and hardly a couple of books attending a school next to a bumpy road with US armors blowing dust at them, as they pass by real fast.

The two teachers in the school receive no wage or support from the government or any NGO. “I think it’s the right thing to do and I don’t have another job” said Bacha Gul one of the teachers as he was waving a long stick to the students so they stay calm.

Paktika is considered a volatile province with a long border with Pakistan and a high rate of cross border insurgency. “THEY fire rockets at our compound at nights when moon is full. they can’t fire more than three, the security forces spot them after firing two, but one time bastards got my generator” said Russell the logistic officer for UNOPS.

Christian, a colleague and I went to Paktika to assess/survey the possibility of expanding radio voice of paktika reach before parliamentary election.
The PRT is going to pay for six repeaters to be installed in the next few months. If the project happen, it’s the first province in the country which most of its population is covered by FM signal.

Jan

"this is a country of roses; people are also like rose. they are sweet but they have got thorns"
she doesn't like roses, and she thinks Afghans grow them a lot.

Paktika trip and the school_Page_2

Paktika trip and the school_Page_2
Originally uploaded by Sanjar1.

Paktika trip and the school_Page_1

Paktika trip and the school_Page_1
Originally uploaded by Sanjar1.

East Kabul

East Kabul
Originally uploaded by Sanjar1.

East kabul from Koha Asmayee
After a few days of heavy snow, this evening was unusually blue

Lookalikes

Lookalikes
Originally uploaded by Sanjar1.

Gav

Gav
Originally uploaded by Sanjar1.

Bad Farsi

Farsi is getting corrupted as part of NGO-ism domination. There are a lot of English words used by NGO staff (mostly national); some of Farsi and pashtu document used internally in NGOs and UN are not even starting from the right direction.

The situation for verbal Farsi is worst than that, این ارتیکل بسیار اینتریستنگ است, this is how some people speak.

I got Hiwad our librarian and researcher to find the correct and standard Farsi equavelt of technological terms, which is the most difficult part, like mobile phone, frequency, software, rechargeable as well as for management words and abbreviations like: voucher, receipt, NSP, finance…..

He did it very well and we sent it round the office and miraculously everyone this afternoon was speaking a better farsi.