The Politics of Democracy in Afghanistan

Every attempt of Karzai state institutions to establish themselves, to rationalize and integrate the villages and communities, they themselves became the object of a strategy on the part of the community, known in as Qawm, which involves not so much the assertion of power but the infiltration of those same institutions. There is no intelligentsia in Afghanistan who could leave the community to come to the state. The authorities in karzai administration, the aim is to insert the Qawm into the state institutions at a level which befits their own importance, from the minor local official to the minister. This operation is intended not only to produce material benefits (posts for the young, sinecures, exemptions), but especially to ensure that the local power game carries on as it has always done, and that the traditional rules of the game of politics will determine the way in which the state functions. Therefore, the current structure of the government which is influenced by very few has only not resulted in unprecedented corruption but it has also marginalized the majority from the state which is symbolized in the re-rise of Taliban.
Judging by the recent history of Afghanistan Qawm’s strategy has been a success, this is especially true when the state tend toward some liberal notion of democracy as Karzai and the state of Zahir shah and Doud, Karzai’s great mentors and political inspirers, it was tribal in the way that it was run, even and especially during the period which saw the establishment of a constitutional monarchy.
Because the Karzai government institutions have no certain bureaucratic stability, the state attempts to gain some by integrating the Qawms. Therefore the state has no other goal than that of perpetuating itself. This is not the end of it, the situation even get worst with foreign intervention. Because the foreigners are rightly not sure if the state is going to buy them both Qawm (community) and Qabila (tribe) buy in, they have set up aid agencies directly in touch with the community, the agencies are run by white people who have no idea of politics in Afghanistan. Their operation empower Qawm and Qabila and the result is undermining the state. That is why the great source of threat for establishment of government is not Taliban but all key aid and state players; its their mistakes in the first place which give hand to the rise of Taliban.
The last parliamentary and presidential election was nothing more than a joke; integrity Afghanistan a research organization reports that $35000 would buy a candidate a seat in the National Assembly. There has been numerous incidents of frauds which was not allowed to be investigated. The current parliament is a failure; I attribute this to the fact that political parties were not allowed. The election was based on a single non transferable voting STV system. Voters casted their vote for individuals. This absence of parties was a consequence not a cause of the weakness of the political class, for it took some time for parties to come into existence. The political class in the current government is depoliticized and rather islamised and oppurtunised. The MPs are representatives of their local qawms to obtain state benefits and privileges. This is well reflected in how votes were casted, every ethnicity went for their own candidate. The state is seen at the local level as a tool which is supported by resourceful foreign at whose expense they should profit as much as possible. The establishment is disunited because it lacks any coherent political goals; instead each tribe and ethnicity sought political dominance. The ruling class and especially the MPs have no conception of a unified state. The selection of political appointees clearly reflected the divisions within a society where primary allegiance was to the family and patronage was still a major factor; ultimate loyalties are not centred upon the state. No attempt is made to transcend the immediate group, or rather, if such an ideal determined the rhetoric used (state, the nation, Islam, democracy) it has no influence on individual behavior, nor even on the strategy pursued by a group. This explains for example why the struggles between various cliques within parliamentary groups often made it appear to the onlooker that they harboured a death wish. The state is no more than a stake in a larger game and the strategy of a Qawm consists in establishing an advantageous relationship with the institutions of the state.
This failure to reach out towards a broader social unity resulted in an ideological vacuum; political terms borrowed from the west circulates from one group to another, when it serves each best interest; losing their precision as they have so. the networks based on patronage and personal links remain firm, as if the most serious political disagreement did not exist; for example the former communist is an ally of Mujaheed or a form Taliban is an ally of US supported liberal.
The atmosphere in parliament (with high absention rate) is anarchic: a quorum can never be reached, there is a constant din, and simple-minded and fanciful speeches are the order of the day. the state is viewed by deputies much as the court is in the village by peasants ; each come to seek for favours. Each minister has complained that deputies are forcing them to appoint their Qawm or else they will be questioned in the parliament. In the parliament theatre it is truly a comedy, even the word ‘theatre’ is hardly a metaphor: the debates are broadcasted on radio and tv stations. Parliament is not news for journalists but a program. This democratic experiment is all form and no substance. Western democracy is only meaningful under certain circumstances: the identification of civil society with the state, and the evolution of a political entity which is something other than political theatre. The battles fought out on the sphere of politics must be a way of resolving tensions for the benefit of society and not a theatrical presentation of imported concepts and distorted ideas confined by Islam. Which tends to hide the fact that what is going on is a struggle for power within a restricted group. The alienation of political class from real politics especially when that class has social origin in qawm and countryside is another piece of evidence pointing to the separation between society and state. The MPs are made of warlords who have gained substantial power in the last two decades of war in the rural areas; their appointment to the parliament is inevitable in the desperate and collapsed state of Afghanistan, it is well explained by Hanna Arendt and Antonio Gramcia who have done extensive analysis of the origins of totalitarianism and the rise of fascism through democratic process; the rise of Islamism follows a similar suit. The intelligentsia hardly made it to the parliament and has no real power. Malalai Joya a critique of war criminals was expelled from the parliament by the majority of the Islamists. in no democracy an elected MP would be expelled for expressing her view of warlords.

the concern of democracy is not social justice but social morality. the political class has a tendency toward regressive attitude and repression of all sorts of freedom, minorities and women, inevitably the situation is going get worst for them, as it has in the last three years.